Informatii carti
Social Media and the New Academic Environment: Pedagogical Challenges
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Social Media and the New Academic Environment: Pedagogical Challenges
Editors:
Dr. Bogdan Patrut“Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Romania
Dr. Monica Patrut“Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Romania
Dr. Camelia Cmeciu“Danubius” University of Galati, Romania
Call for Chapters:
Proposals Submission Deadline: October 30, 2011
Full Chapters Due: February 28, 2012
IntroductionThe term Social Media refers to the use of web-based and mobile technologies to turn communication into an interactive dialogue. Social media are a collection of Internet-based applications based on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, as A. Kaplan and M. Haenlein observed. These applications enable the creation and exchange of user-generated content. In fact, the social media represent the media for social interaction, as a superset beyond social communication. Social media include Internet forums, weblogs, social blogs, microblogging, wikis, podcasts, photographs or pictures, video, rating and social bookmarking. There are different types of social media: collaborative projects (e.g. Wikipedia), blogs and microblogs (e.g. Twitter), content communities (e.g. Youtube), social networking sites (e.g. Facebook), virtual game worlds (e.g. World of Warcraft), and virtual social worlds (e.g. Second Life) (Kaplan & Haenlein). Technologies include: blogs, picture-sharing, blogs, wall-postings, email, instant messaging, music-sharing, crowdsourcing, and voice over IP, to name a few. Besides commercial and entertainment applications, the social-media services and technologies have entered nowadays in educational areas as well. In recent years, social media have become scholar media, new means by which scholars communicate, collaborate, and teach. There are a lot of research studies that reveal the importance of using social networks, wikis, virtual communities in teaching and learning.
Objective of the BookThis book will aim to provide relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in the area of social media, directly concerning the pedagogical challenges of the recent years. It will be written for professionals who want to improve their understanding of the strategic role of social media at different levels of the education in the information and knowledge society. So, it will present social media at the level of the learning centered on student, at the level of teaching courses and seminars/labs, at the level of the research activity of the academic staff, and also, at the level of the management and collaboration between the academic networks and organizations, of teams and work groups, of information systems and, finally, at the level of individuals as actors in the postmodern educational process.The ultimate goal is to produce a high-quality publication that will make its mark in its field and provide professional recognition for every contributor.
Target AudienceThe target audience of this book will be composed of professionals and researchers working in the field of social science, education sciences, computer science, information and communication sciences, and knowledge management in various disciplines, e.g. teaching, e-learning, management, sociology, pedagogy, psychology, adult education, computer science, and information technology. Moreover, the book will provide insights and support executives in educational institutions concerned with the management of expertise, knowledge, information and organizational development in different types of academic communities and environments.
Recommended topics include, but are not limited to, the following:• Academic applications for podcasting• Academic events through social-media (Eventful, The Hotlist, Meetup.com, Upcoming, Eventseer, AllConferences)• Analytics for social media• Budgeting for social media in academic organizations• Case studies for successful social media commuting and presenting• Communication, both internal and external.• Diagramming and visual collaboration in educational institutions• Document Managing and Editing Tools: Docs.com, Dropbox.com, Google Docs, Syncplicity• Executive and employee social media education and training.• How do universities deal with social media obstacles/shortcomings• Impact of social media on the quality of the didactic process• Integrating social media and traditional media within the academic environment• Livecasting for education• Location-based social networks (Facebook places, Foursquare, Geoloqi, Google Latitude , Gowalla, The Hotlist)• Mobile social media and mobile teaching/learning• Photography and art sharing (deviantArt, Flickr, Photobucket, Picasa, SmugMug, Zooomr) and the new education• Social bookmarking (or social tagging): CiteULike, Delicious, Diigo, Google Reader, StumbleUpon, folkd• Social media tools for schools and universities• Social networking used in the new academic environment (ASmallWorld, Bebo, Cyworld, Diaspora, Facebook, Google+, Hi5, Hyves, IRC, LinkedIn, MySpace, Ning, Orkut, Plaxo, Tagged, Tuenti, XING, Yammer)• Social news: Digg, Mixx, Social i my2i, Newsvine, NowPublic, Reddit• Teaching through presentation sharing (Prezi, scribd, SlideShare)• The use of Content Management Systems for education (Drupal, Joomla, Plone, Siteforum, Wordpress)• The advertising of universities using social media• Using blogs (Blogger, Drupal, LiveJournal, Open Diary, WordPress, Xanga) for educational purposes• Using microblogging (Google Buzz, Identi.ca, Twitter) for communicating academic events• Using video sharing for education (Dailymotion, Metacafe, Nico Nico Douga, Openfilm, sevenload, Viddler, Vimeo, YouTube)• Using wikis (PBworks, Wetpaint, Wikia, Wikimedia, Wikispaces) in Science Classes
Submission ProcedureResearchers, and practitioners (including professors, teachers, lecturers, public relations and advertising specialists, students, PhD students etc.) are invited to submit on or before October 30, 2011, a 2-3 page chapter proposal clearly explaining the mission and concerns of his or her proposed chapter. Authors of accepted proposals will be notified by November 15, 2011 about the status of their proposals and sent chapter guidelines. Full chapters are expected to be submitted by February 28, 2012. In a full chapter, the contributor can extend the ideas and the topics presented in the 2-3 page proposal. The full chapters (containing 8,000 – 12,000 words and formatted accordingly with a template we will provide) must be written in American English. All submitted chapters will be reviewed on a double-blind review basis. Contributors may also be requested to serve as reviewers for this project.
PublisherThis book is scheduled to be published by the IGI Global (formerly Idea Group Inc.), a prestigious international publisher of the “Information Science Reference” (formerly Idea Group Reference), “Medical Information Science Reference,” “Business Science Reference,” and “Engineering Science Reference” imprints. For additional information regarding the publisher, please visit www.igi-global.com. This publication is anticipated to be released in 2012.
Important DatesOctober 30, 2011: Proposal Submission DeadlineNovember 15, 2011: Notification of AcceptanceFebruary, 28, 2012: Full Chapter SubmissionMay 15, 2012: Review Results ReturnedJune 15, 2012: Final Chapter SubmissionJuly 15, 2012: Final Deadline
Inquiries and submissions can be forwarded electronically (Word document):
Dr. Bogdan PatrutDepartment of Mathematics, Informatics, and Education Sciences“Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, RomaniaTel.: +40 234 20 60 90 GSM: +40 728 88 22 88, +40 741 63 81 82 E-mail: bogdan@edusoft.ro
Social Media and the New Academic Environment: Pedagogical Challenges
Editors:
| postat de infobacau in 2011-09-22 12:39 | Cercetare/Evenimente | 0 comentarii |
My recent books
media: 5.00 din 2 voturi
| media: 5.00 din 2 voturi |
http://www.buch24.de/1294345879-143938137/shopdirekt.cgi?id=0&p=&t=searchresult.html&h=&kid=0&klid=2&sid=1&f=ff&limit=20&keywords=Patrut%20Bogdan&select=autor
| postat de infobacau in 2011-01-06 22:33 | General | 0 comentarii |
Interactive Education in Accounting
media: 5.00 din 1 vot
| media: 5.00 din 1 vot |
O noua aparitie editoriala - o carte despre o implementare multi-agent pentru un profesor virtual inteligent, care preda si testeaza cunostintele de contabilitate:
http://www.amazon.com/Interactive-Education-Accounting-Multi-agent-Solution/dp/384335751X/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1286131397&sr=1-2
| postat de infobacau in 2010-10-03 21:44 | General | 0 comentarii |
Book on intelligent agents
media: 5.00 din 2 voturi
| media: 5.00 din 2 voturi |
INTELLIGENT AGENTS IN DISTRIBUTED MONITORING SYSTEMS
LAP Lambert Academic Publishing,
August 8, 2010
Click here to buy this book from Amazon.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 5
INTRODUCTION 5
1.1. Research Context 5
1.2. Book Objective 7
1.3. Personal contributions 8
1.4. Structure and organization of the book 11
1.5. Acknowledgment 12
Chapter 2 13
CURRENT STATE OF THE RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS 13
2.1. Agents, software agents and intelligent agents 15
2.2. Intelligent Agents Architectures 19
2.3. Artificial feelings of agents 24
2.4. Conversational and Pedagogical Agents 29
2.4.1. Conversational Agents 29
2.4.2. Pedagogical Agents 29
2.4.3. Projecting the interaction of character-like pedagogical and conversational agents 32
2.4.4. Advantages and disadvantages of using pedagogical agents 33
2.5. Ms Agent Technology 34
2.6. Agent-oriented Programming 37
2.7. From agents to multi-agent systems 39
2.8. Classification of multi-agent systems 40
2.9. Organizing the multi-agent systems 42
2.10. Formalisms for multi-agent systems 44
2.10.1. Logical formalisms for multi-agent systems 45
2.10.2. The problems of formalisms for multi-agent systems 48
2.11. Social abilities of intelligent agents within the multi-agent systems 50
2.11.1. Inter-agent communication languages 51
2.11.2. Negotiation and trust among agents 52
2.12. Internet Agents 53
2.13. Mobile Agents 54
2.14. Frameworks for multi-agents systems 55
2.15. Applications of the multi-agent system 57
2.15.1 Industrial applications 57
2.15.2. Other applications of the multi-agent systems 58
2.16. Internet – open and extensible distributed system 60
2.17. Limits to the multi-agent technology 64
2.18. Conclusions and personal opinions 65
Chapter 3 67
S-AGENTS AND MONITORING MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS 67
3.1. Definitions 67
3.2. Graphic representation 71
3.3. Reducing normal s-agents 74
3.4. Examples of monitoring multi-agent systems 77
3.4.1. A development system for a hyper-encyclopedia 77
3.4.2. An educational software system 78
Chapter 4 80
MAGELAN – A MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM FOR MONITORING A HYPER-ENCYCLOPEDIA 80
4.1. The problem of building up an intelligent hyper encyclopedia 80
4.1.1. The intelligent hyper encyclopedia 80
4.1.2. Example of hyper-encyclopedia 82
4.1.3. The artificial trainer or the s-agent 85
4.2. The architecture of the MAgeLan system 87
4.2.1. The system of the s-agents 87
4.2.2. Structure and functioning of an s-agent 88
4.2.3 Intercommunication of agents and their contact with the software environment 90
Chapter 5 91
MONITORING THE EDITING ACTIVITY USING INTELLIGENT AGENTS THAT ARE SPECIALIZED IN NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING 91
5.1. The WordNet Agent (WNA) 92
5.1.1. WordNet – an ontological net of meanings 92
5.1.2. Relationships between meanings 93
5.1.3. A library for accessing WordNet 94
5.1.4. Functioning of the WordNet Agent 96
5.2. The DEX (DXA) Agent 99
5.2.1 The Dex Online database 100
5.2.2. The way the Dex Online Agent functions 101
5.2.3. Using phonological alternations and inflectional types in the morphological analysis 102
5.2.3.1. The issue of the morphological analysis 102
5.2.3.3. The inflection tables 109
5.2.3.4. The algorithm of the DXA agent 111
5.3. The Wikipedia agent 111
5.3.1. References on Wikipedia 112
5.3.2. Functioning of the Wkipedia Agent 112
5.4. The Google Occurrences Agent 114
5.4.1. Google and PageRank 114
5.4.2. Generating words that have close web-contexts 115
5.5. The Word History Agent 120
Chapter 6 122
MONITORING THE WEB SEARCH BY USING INTELLIGENT AGENTS 122
6.1. The Semantic Rules Agent 122
6.1.1. Search rules 122
6.1.2. Bivalent verbs and problems of pragmatics 127
6.1.2.1. Bivalent verbs 127
6.1.2.2. The reasoning problem in social contexts 128
6.1.2.3. Some features of the bivalent verbs 130
6.1.2.4. A method for reasoning and obtaining the equivalence classes for the bivalent verbs 134
6.1.2.5. The values of signs, powers and implications 137
6.2. The Academic agent 138
6.3. The Hyperlinks Agent 142
6.3.1 The tasks of the LKA Agent 142
6.3.2. The HtmlDocument class 142
6.3.3. Functioning of the LKA Agent 144
6.4. The Internet History Agent 146
6.4.1. The tasks of the IHA agent 146
6.4.2. Structures of necessary data 146
6.5. Collecting, sending and assembling information 148
6.5.1. The Transfer & Execute Agent 148
6.5.2. The coordination agent and the conversational agent 152
6.5.3. An architecture of intelligent agent with temperament to CVA 154
6.6. Using the MAgeLan system and the results we got 159
6.7. Conclusions 162
Chapter 7 163
CONTEST – MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM OF MONITORING THE TRAINING 163
7.1. The architecture of the ContTest multi-agent system 163
7.2. The internal architecture of an s-agent 163
7.3. The initial and permanent assessment agent 165
7.4. The teaching agent and the exemplifying agent 166
7.5. The agent responsible for generating tests 167
7.6. The Checking Answers Agent 170
7.6.1. The relationship of confusion 171
7.6.2. Solving errors of accounting analysis 173
7.7 The final evaluation and grading agent 175
7.8. The coordination agent and the way an s-agent operates 175
7.9. Experimental data using the ContTest system 176
Chapter 8 181
CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH GUIDELINES 181
REFERENCES 184
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1. The software agent 16
Figure 2.2. Classification of agents according to N. Keil 18
Figure 2.3. H. Nwana’s classification 18
Figure 2.4 The beliefs-desires-intentions architecture 22
Figure 2.5. Agents with vertical layers 24
Figure 2.6. Hierarchical organization 43
Figure 2.7. Organizing the agents in communities of experts 43
Figure 2.8. Group organization 44
Figure 2.9. Communicating a message 62
Figure 3.1. A simple s-agent having a blockage in A1 and an infinite cycle in A2 73
Figure 3.2. A normal s-agent and its reduced s-agent 74
Figure 4.1. An intelligent hyper-encyclopedia 82
Figure 4.2. A private encyclopedia 83
Figure 4.3. A three-student example. Articles already introduced and lists of tasks 84
Figure 4.4. Students and their trainers 85
Figure 4.5. The system of agents that form an artificial trainer (s-agent) for a student 86
Figure 4.6. The architecture of the MAgeLan system 88
Figure 5.1. COM objects and interfaces 95
Figure 5.2. Example where the WordNet agent is used 97
Figure 5.3. The structures of the two tables from the Dex Online database 100
Figure 5.4. The DXA agent used to get definitions, synonyms and antonyms of a word while editing in Word 101
Figure 5.5. The endings tree in reverse order, for masculine nouns 108
Figure 6.1. Three classes, two of them have a common element 126
Figure 6.2. Illustration of the symmetry of a bivalent interpersonal verb (to take a walk with) 131
Figure 6.3. Illustration of the transitivity of bivalent interpersonal verb (to be in the same place as) 131
Figure 6.4. Values of signs from the standpoint of agents and receivers 132
Figure 6.5. Representations of a class of bivalent verbs 133
Figure 6.6. Implication relationships within a class and towards a verb from another class 133
Figure 6.7. An example of HTML DOM (Document Object Model) 143
Figure 6.8. Graph structure associated with hyper-encyclopedia articles 149
Figure 6.9. The timer model – Ms Agent for a conversational agent 153
Figure 6.10. The textbox model – Ms Agent for a conversational agent 153
Figure 6.11. Expressing figures with the CVA conversational agent: (a) - discontentment, (b) - hope, (c) - contentment 158
Figure 6.12. Using the MAgeLan system on a network computer 160
Figure 6.13. The number of uses of the MAgeLan system for each of the four users 161
Figure 6.14. The graphic of using the MAgeLan system in the four fields 161
Figure 7.1. The architecture of a ContTest s-agent 164
Figure 7.2. The structure of the “applying the algorithm of the accounting analysis” s-agent 165
Figure 7.3. The initial and permanent evaluation agent – exemplification for the accounting analysis 165
Figure 7.4. Examples of “teachers” in video sequences 167
Figure 7.5. The test generating agent 169
Figure 7.6. A typical accounting problem where sums are randomly generated 169
Figure 7.7. The architecture of the Checking answers agent 170
Figure 7.8. Functioning of an s-agent 176
Figure 7.9. Checking an answer 178
Figure 7.10. Grading agent with human face expressing its discontentment towards the results the student reached 179
Figure 7.11. Grades obtained by subjects after applying the traditional and the ContTest training 180
Table 1.1. Book structure 11
Table 2.1. Merging of plans and the emotions through which they are expressed (according to Oatley92) 28
Table 2.2 Methods and actions for an Ms Agent character 36
Table 5.1. the summary of the search for the word “cepelor” 109
Table 5.2. The declination of the feminine nouns having different types of inflections (excerpt) 110
Table 6.2. An example of representation of notions about an agent with temperament 155
Table 6.3. The representations of the actions of the agent with temperament 156
Table 7.1. The matrix of the relationship of confusion where only 0 (no confusion) and 1(the confusion is made) values occur. (excerpt) 172
Table 7.2. The matrix of the relationship of confusion, where integral values appear, starting with 0 (excerpt) 173
Intelligent agents and multi-agent systems are a modern technology with different applications (air traffic control, medicine, entertainment industry, military field, education). While the economic and social importance of the Internet increases, it is easily understood that most of the computer applications will soon become distributed systems.
Internet, especially the World Wide Web, is a great information resource, offering possibilities to get documented, informed, advertised, entertained, to communicate, all this permanently transforming the way in which people get information, study and do research, buy and do business, communicate and have fun.
Many of the current scientific research results, regardless of the approached field, are published on the web. On the web we find courses and laboratory work, technical manuals and documentation, free encyclopedias, conference papers and specialists’ or amateurs’ opinions on discussion forums. The web is also full of online linguistic resources and explanatory (monolingual) dictionaries, data collections on specific themes, bilingual dictionaries and many others.
The information and documentation resources found on the web are very well structured and are provided either by experts or teams of volunteers supervised by autocratic teams of experts. These resources have proven quality and can compete with most similar works, organized and edited by recognized academic or professional institutions. These online resources are daily accessed by many people directly from their computers and the results they get are often encountered in different documents by different authors. We make reference, for instance, to the Wikipedia free encyclopedia, the WordNet semantic database or the Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language (monolingual dictionary), the online version, i.e. DEX Online. If WordNet is build up by a group of linguistic engineers, Dex Online and Wikipedia are achieved in a collaborative manner. The information quality from the latter two resources can often be questioned. However, it is known that there are groups of experts who regularly improve the quality of Wikipedia articles. A study of the Nature journal [Type06] shows that, despite the fact that Wikipedia is developed by volunteers, while Britannica Encyclopedia by experts, the number of errors encountered on a certain subject (biology, for instance) is about the same (116 vs. 123). Also, in [Blumen08], a model for determining quality articles is suggested.
Still on the web there is Google search engine, which is daily used by millions of people. We cannot neglect it. Google has become a sort of indicator for the visibility of something or someone in the virtual world of the Internet. Google is at the top of the search engine hierarchy. It can be used as an indicator of the “importance” of a web page related to certain terms that have been searched. The higher a web address gets placed in a Google search, the more important or relevant it is considered for a certain theme. However, Google also adopts a promoting policy on a commercial basis, but the right side is usually used to do so.
There are also other search engines, such as Yahoo, which is ranked the 2nd probably; many people use its free e-mail services.
Google Scholar, Scirus, SSRN, CiteSeer and others are thematic search engines. Google Scholar can find courses, articles and books for pupils and students. Scirus is mostly used in the academic field. SSRN (Social Sciences Research Network) is a network of search engines for the main fields of social sciences. One can find here articles and other materials from the fields of economics, psychology, sociology, law, political science and others.
Similarly, CiteSeer is a search engine specialized on computer science articles and related fields. The visibility of an article and its indexing on CiteSeer can point out its scientific importance at a given moment.
On one hand we have the web and all the information and linguistic resources available. It is explored by using navigation programs, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozzila Firefox.
On the other hand, we have nowadays a mass of people more or less engaged in research and drafting papers. Most of the time, they use a text editor such as Microsoft Word or OpenOffice Word.
In education (and not only), a large part of the assessment is based on thesis writing. Nowadays, if not everyone writes, at least all those who write, they do it directly on the computer. Drafting or editing a research paper (a thesis, a master thesis, a report or a PhD thesis) is done directly on the computer, often by using Microsoft Word.
The web is a distributed system. Wikipedia and Google Docs are examples of how team work, distributed work and distributed research can be effectively used.
Nowadays, almost everybody writes on the computer, in Word. Nowadays, almost everybody do Google searches or use Wikipedia to get documented.
On the other hand, today many people use computer-assisted training. However, we know that an educational software cannot prove intelligence or feelings. Therefore it is in the interest of many for us to discuss the computer systems that are able to prove such human abilities and integrate them in the educations software.
Although they seem to be completely different issues, assisting the editing activities and web searches, as well as the interactive training can be brought to a common denominator: monitoring the distributed systems. Thus, in both cases we deal with the issue of monitoring some distributed systems. We will create a general theoretical and practical tool to develop intelligent agents for such issues. In implementing agents, there will be several problems that will be solved using original techniques from the field of natural language processing, of emotional agents or using original algorithms on certain structures that can be modeled by graphs.
In the context of our research, the following questions arise:
· Can documentation services be automatized within online electronic resources?
· Can searches using search engines be automatized?
· Can online linguistic resources be automatically used?
· To what extent can distributed work, distributed team research be automatized?
or
· How can we organize agents within a “virtual teacher”?
· How can we endow a “virtual teacher” with feelings or temperament?
· How can we extract pragmatic information from different texts?
· How can we more effectively represent certain notions from a given field?
· Our book will try to answer such questions by creating a theoretical tool and implementing it as architectures of multi-agent systems.
Book Objective
The objective of our book is to create a general formal tool to describe agents that monitor distributed systems, as well as to develop two such systems. A
first system will be designed and developed for:
· monitoring and improving the effort of the researcher in his web documentation;
· monitoring and improving the effort of the researcher in drafting a paper;
· checking the originality of a scientific study;
· assisting a team of researchers in creating a smart encyclopedia.
The system will operate in an Intranet network, connected to the Internet. The multi-agent system will be organized in groups of agents, to each group being associated with a Network node and a user. Each group will be made out of several agents, each of them having to complete specific tasks. There will be a coordinating agent that will work directly with the user, communicating in a natural way; it will also have to provide the necessary resources to the other agents. Moreover, a transmission agent will be communicating with other nodes so as to help one another and achieve the common goal.
A second system will be designed and developed to become a powerful and interactive training tool. The system will be organized in groups of agents, each one having to teach a certain lesson. Each agent from each group will have special educational tasks. By using the multi-agent system it will be possible to train students in accounting.
| INTELLIGENT AGENTS IN DISTRIBUTED MONITORING SYSTEMS LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, August 8, 2010 Click here to buy this book from Amazon.com |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 5
INTRODUCTION 5
1.1. Research Context 5
1.2. Book Objective 7
1.3. Personal contributions 8
1.4. Structure and organization of the book 11
1.5. Acknowledgment 12
Chapter 2 13
CURRENT STATE OF THE RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS 13
2.1. Agents, software agents and intelligent agents 15
2.2. Intelligent Agents Architectures 19
2.3. Artificial feelings of agents 24
2.4. Conversational and Pedagogical Agents 29
2.4.1. Conversational Agents 29
2.4.2. Pedagogical Agents 29
2.4.3. Projecting the interaction of character-like pedagogical and conversational agents 32
2.4.4. Advantages and disadvantages of using pedagogical agents 33
2.5. Ms Agent Technology 34
2.6. Agent-oriented Programming 37
2.7. From agents to multi-agent systems 39
2.8. Classification of multi-agent systems 40
2.9. Organizing the multi-agent systems 42
2.10. Formalisms for multi-agent systems 44
2.10.1. Logical formalisms for multi-agent systems 45
2.10.2. The problems of formalisms for multi-agent systems 48
2.11. Social abilities of intelligent agents within the multi-agent systems 50
2.11.1. Inter-agent communication languages 51
2.11.2. Negotiation and trust among agents 52
2.12. Internet Agents 53
2.13. Mobile Agents 54
2.14. Frameworks for multi-agents systems 55
2.15. Applications of the multi-agent system 57
2.15.1 Industrial applications 57
2.15.2. Other applications of the multi-agent systems 58
2.16. Internet – open and extensible distributed system 60
2.17. Limits to the multi-agent technology 64
2.18. Conclusions and personal opinions 65
Chapter 3 67
S-AGENTS AND MONITORING MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS 67
3.1. Definitions 67
3.2. Graphic representation 71
3.3. Reducing normal s-agents 74
3.4. Examples of monitoring multi-agent systems 77
3.4.1. A development system for a hyper-encyclopedia 77
3.4.2. An educational software system 78
Chapter 4 80
MAGELAN – A MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM FOR MONITORING A HYPER-ENCYCLOPEDIA 80
4.1. The problem of building up an intelligent hyper encyclopedia 80
4.1.1. The intelligent hyper encyclopedia 80
4.1.2. Example of hyper-encyclopedia 82
4.1.3. The artificial trainer or the s-agent 85
4.2. The architecture of the MAgeLan system 87
4.2.1. The system of the s-agents 87
4.2.2. Structure and functioning of an s-agent 88
4.2.3 Intercommunication of agents and their contact with the software environment 90
Chapter 5 91
MONITORING THE EDITING ACTIVITY USING INTELLIGENT AGENTS THAT ARE SPECIALIZED IN NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING 91
5.1. The WordNet Agent (WNA) 92
5.1.1. WordNet – an ontological net of meanings 92
5.1.2. Relationships between meanings 93
5.1.3. A library for accessing WordNet 94
5.1.4. Functioning of the WordNet Agent 96
5.2. The DEX (DXA) Agent 99
5.2.1 The Dex Online database 100
5.2.2. The way the Dex Online Agent functions 101
5.2.3. Using phonological alternations and inflectional types in the morphological analysis 102
5.2.3.1. The issue of the morphological analysis 102
5.2.3.3. The inflection tables 109
5.2.3.4. The algorithm of the DXA agent 111
5.3. The Wikipedia agent 111
5.3.1. References on Wikipedia 112
5.3.2. Functioning of the Wkipedia Agent 112
5.4. The Google Occurrences Agent 114
5.4.1. Google and PageRank 114
5.4.2. Generating words that have close web-contexts 115
5.5. The Word History Agent 120
Chapter 6 122
MONITORING THE WEB SEARCH BY USING INTELLIGENT AGENTS 122
6.1. The Semantic Rules Agent 122
6.1.1. Search rules 122
6.1.2. Bivalent verbs and problems of pragmatics 127
6.1.2.1. Bivalent verbs 127
6.1.2.2. The reasoning problem in social contexts 128
6.1.2.3. Some features of the bivalent verbs 130
6.1.2.4. A method for reasoning and obtaining the equivalence classes for the bivalent verbs 134
6.1.2.5. The values of signs, powers and implications 137
6.2. The Academic agent 138
6.3. The Hyperlinks Agent 142
6.3.1 The tasks of the LKA Agent 142
6.3.2. The HtmlDocument class 142
6.3.3. Functioning of the LKA Agent 144
6.4. The Internet History Agent 146
6.4.1. The tasks of the IHA agent 146
6.4.2. Structures of necessary data 146
6.5. Collecting, sending and assembling information 148
6.5.1. The Transfer & Execute Agent 148
6.5.2. The coordination agent and the conversational agent 152
6.5.3. An architecture of intelligent agent with temperament to CVA 154
6.6. Using the MAgeLan system and the results we got 159
6.7. Conclusions 162
Chapter 7 163
CONTEST – MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM OF MONITORING THE TRAINING 163
7.1. The architecture of the ContTest multi-agent system 163
7.2. The internal architecture of an s-agent 163
7.3. The initial and permanent assessment agent 165
7.4. The teaching agent and the exemplifying agent 166
7.5. The agent responsible for generating tests 167
7.6. The Checking Answers Agent 170
7.6.1. The relationship of confusion 171
7.6.2. Solving errors of accounting analysis 173
7.7 The final evaluation and grading agent 175
7.8. The coordination agent and the way an s-agent operates 175
7.9. Experimental data using the ContTest system 176
Chapter 8 181
CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH GUIDELINES 181
REFERENCES 184
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1. The software agent 16
Figure 2.2. Classification of agents according to N. Keil 18
Figure 2.3. H. Nwana’s classification 18
Figure 2.4 The beliefs-desires-intentions architecture 22
Figure 2.5. Agents with vertical layers 24
Figure 2.6. Hierarchical organization 43
Figure 2.7. Organizing the agents in communities of experts 43
Figure 2.8. Group organization 44
Figure 2.9. Communicating a message 62
Figure 3.1. A simple s-agent having a blockage in A1 and an infinite cycle in A2 73
Figure 3.2. A normal s-agent and its reduced s-agent 74
Figure 4.1. An intelligent hyper-encyclopedia 82
Figure 4.2. A private encyclopedia 83
Figure 4.3. A three-student example. Articles already introduced and lists of tasks 84
Figure 4.4. Students and their trainers 85
Figure 4.5. The system of agents that form an artificial trainer (s-agent) for a student 86
Figure 4.6. The architecture of the MAgeLan system 88
Figure 5.1. COM objects and interfaces 95
Figure 5.2. Example where the WordNet agent is used 97
Figure 5.3. The structures of the two tables from the Dex Online database 100
Figure 5.4. The DXA agent used to get definitions, synonyms and antonyms of a word while editing in Word 101
Figure 5.5. The endings tree in reverse order, for masculine nouns 108
Figure 6.1. Three classes, two of them have a common element 126
Figure 6.2. Illustration of the symmetry of a bivalent interpersonal verb (to take a walk with) 131
Figure 6.3. Illustration of the transitivity of bivalent interpersonal verb (to be in the same place as) 131
Figure 6.4. Values of signs from the standpoint of agents and receivers 132
Figure 6.5. Representations of a class of bivalent verbs 133
Figure 6.6. Implication relationships within a class and towards a verb from another class 133
Figure 6.7. An example of HTML DOM (Document Object Model) 143
Figure 6.8. Graph structure associated with hyper-encyclopedia articles 149
Figure 6.9. The timer model – Ms Agent for a conversational agent 153
Figure 6.10. The textbox model – Ms Agent for a conversational agent 153
Figure 6.11. Expressing figures with the CVA conversational agent: (a) - discontentment, (b) - hope, (c) - contentment 158
Figure 6.12. Using the MAgeLan system on a network computer 160
Figure 6.13. The number of uses of the MAgeLan system for each of the four users 161
Figure 6.14. The graphic of using the MAgeLan system in the four fields 161
Figure 7.1. The architecture of a ContTest s-agent 164
Figure 7.2. The structure of the “applying the algorithm of the accounting analysis” s-agent 165
Figure 7.3. The initial and permanent evaluation agent – exemplification for the accounting analysis 165
Figure 7.4. Examples of “teachers” in video sequences 167
Figure 7.5. The test generating agent 169
Figure 7.6. A typical accounting problem where sums are randomly generated 169
Figure 7.7. The architecture of the Checking answers agent 170
Figure 7.8. Functioning of an s-agent 176
Figure 7.9. Checking an answer 178
Figure 7.10. Grading agent with human face expressing its discontentment towards the results the student reached 179
Figure 7.11. Grades obtained by subjects after applying the traditional and the ContTest training 180
Table 1.1. Book structure 11
Table 2.1. Merging of plans and the emotions through which they are expressed (according to Oatley92) 28
Table 2.2 Methods and actions for an Ms Agent character 36
Table 5.1. the summary of the search for the word “cepelor” 109
Table 5.2. The declination of the feminine nouns having different types of inflections (excerpt) 110
Table 6.2. An example of representation of notions about an agent with temperament 155
Table 6.3. The representations of the actions of the agent with temperament 156
Table 7.1. The matrix of the relationship of confusion where only 0 (no confusion) and 1(the confusion is made) values occur. (excerpt) 172
Table 7.2. The matrix of the relationship of confusion, where integral values appear, starting with 0 (excerpt) 173
Intelligent agents and multi-agent systems are a modern technology with different applications (air traffic control, medicine, entertainment industry, military field, education). While the economic and social importance of the Internet increases, it is easily understood that most of the computer applications will soon become distributed systems.
Internet, especially the World Wide Web, is a great information resource, offering possibilities to get documented, informed, advertised, entertained, to communicate, all this permanently transforming the way in which people get information, study and do research, buy and do business, communicate and have fun.
Many of the current scientific research results, regardless of the approached field, are published on the web. On the web we find courses and laboratory work, technical manuals and documentation, free encyclopedias, conference papers and specialists’ or amateurs’ opinions on discussion forums. The web is also full of online linguistic resources and explanatory (monolingual) dictionaries, data collections on specific themes, bilingual dictionaries and many others.
The information and documentation resources found on the web are very well structured and are provided either by experts or teams of volunteers supervised by autocratic teams of experts. These resources have proven quality and can compete with most similar works, organized and edited by recognized academic or professional institutions. These online resources are daily accessed by many people directly from their computers and the results they get are often encountered in different documents by different authors. We make reference, for instance, to the Wikipedia free encyclopedia, the WordNet semantic database or the Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language (monolingual dictionary), the online version, i.e. DEX Online. If WordNet is build up by a group of linguistic engineers, Dex Online and Wikipedia are achieved in a collaborative manner. The information quality from the latter two resources can often be questioned. However, it is known that there are groups of experts who regularly improve the quality of Wikipedia articles. A study of the Nature journal [Type06] shows that, despite the fact that Wikipedia is developed by volunteers, while Britannica Encyclopedia by experts, the number of errors encountered on a certain subject (biology, for instance) is about the same (116 vs. 123). Also, in [Blumen08], a model for determining quality articles is suggested.
Still on the web there is Google search engine, which is daily used by millions of people. We cannot neglect it. Google has become a sort of indicator for the visibility of something or someone in the virtual world of the Internet. Google is at the top of the search engine hierarchy. It can be used as an indicator of the “importance” of a web page related to certain terms that have been searched. The higher a web address gets placed in a Google search, the more important or relevant it is considered for a certain theme. However, Google also adopts a promoting policy on a commercial basis, but the right side is usually used to do so.
There are also other search engines, such as Yahoo, which is ranked the 2nd probably; many people use its free e-mail services.
Google Scholar, Scirus, SSRN, CiteSeer and others are thematic search engines. Google Scholar can find courses, articles and books for pupils and students. Scirus is mostly used in the academic field. SSRN (Social Sciences Research Network) is a network of search engines for the main fields of social sciences. One can find here articles and other materials from the fields of economics, psychology, sociology, law, political science and others.
Similarly, CiteSeer is a search engine specialized on computer science articles and related fields. The visibility of an article and its indexing on CiteSeer can point out its scientific importance at a given moment.
On one hand we have the web and all the information and linguistic resources available. It is explored by using navigation programs, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozzila Firefox.
On the other hand, we have nowadays a mass of people more or less engaged in research and drafting papers. Most of the time, they use a text editor such as Microsoft Word or OpenOffice Word.
In education (and not only), a large part of the assessment is based on thesis writing. Nowadays, if not everyone writes, at least all those who write, they do it directly on the computer. Drafting or editing a research paper (a thesis, a master thesis, a report or a PhD thesis) is done directly on the computer, often by using Microsoft Word.
The web is a distributed system. Wikipedia and Google Docs are examples of how team work, distributed work and distributed research can be effectively used.
Nowadays, almost everybody writes on the computer, in Word. Nowadays, almost everybody do Google searches or use Wikipedia to get documented.
On the other hand, today many people use computer-assisted training. However, we know that an educational software cannot prove intelligence or feelings. Therefore it is in the interest of many for us to discuss the computer systems that are able to prove such human abilities and integrate them in the educations software.
Although they seem to be completely different issues, assisting the editing activities and web searches, as well as the interactive training can be brought to a common denominator: monitoring the distributed systems. Thus, in both cases we deal with the issue of monitoring some distributed systems. We will create a general theoretical and practical tool to develop intelligent agents for such issues. In implementing agents, there will be several problems that will be solved using original techniques from the field of natural language processing, of emotional agents or using original algorithms on certain structures that can be modeled by graphs.
In the context of our research, the following questions arise:
· Can documentation services be automatized within online electronic resources?
· Can searches using search engines be automatized?
· Can online linguistic resources be automatically used?
· To what extent can distributed work, distributed team research be automatized?
or
· How can we organize agents within a “virtual teacher”?
· How can we endow a “virtual teacher” with feelings or temperament?
· How can we extract pragmatic information from different texts?
· How can we more effectively represent certain notions from a given field?
· Our book will try to answer such questions by creating a theoretical tool and implementing it as architectures of multi-agent systems.
Book Objective
The objective of our book is to create a general formal tool to describe agents that monitor distributed systems, as well as to develop two such systems. A
first system will be designed and developed for:
· monitoring and improving the effort of the researcher in his web documentation;
· monitoring and improving the effort of the researcher in drafting a paper;
· checking the originality of a scientific study;
· assisting a team of researchers in creating a smart encyclopedia.
The system will operate in an Intranet network, connected to the Internet. The multi-agent system will be organized in groups of agents, to each group being associated with a Network node and a user. Each group will be made out of several agents, each of them having to complete specific tasks. There will be a coordinating agent that will work directly with the user, communicating in a natural way; it will also have to provide the necessary resources to the other agents. Moreover, a transmission agent will be communicating with other nodes so as to help one another and achieve the common goal.
A second system will be designed and developed to become a powerful and interactive training tool. The system will be organized in groups of agents, each one having to teach a certain lesson. Each agent from each group will have special educational tasks. By using the multi-agent system it will be possible to train students in accounting.
| postat de infobacau in 2010-09-02 20:32 | Cercetare/Evenimente | 0 comentarii |
Aparitie editoriala - carte in Germania
media: 0.00 din 0 voturi
| media: 0.00 din 0 voturi |
A aparut lucrarea "Intelligent Agents in DIstributed Monitoring Systems. Theory and Implementation ", autor Bogdan Patrut, ISBN 978-3-8383-9735-1, Editura LAP-Lambert, Germania.
Cartea poate fi cumparata online de la Amazon.com sau alte site-uri specializate:
http://www.amazon.com/INTELLIGENT-AGENTS-DISTRIBUTED-MONITORING-SYSTEMS/dp/3838397355/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1283423222&sr=1-3
| postat de infobacau in 2010-09-02 14:04 | General | 0 comentarii |
O noua revista academica
media: 0.00 din 0 voturi
| media: 0.00 din 0 voturi |
"LiBRI. Linguistic and Literary Broad Research and Innovation" este o revista academica peer-review, interdisciplinara, internationala . Trimiteti articolele dumneavoastra prin e-mail aici sau intrati pe site-ul http://libri.broadresearch.org.
| postat de infobacau in 2010-04-18 11:49 | General | 0 comentarii |
BRAND. A new journal in economics, applied mathematics, economic informatics
media: 5.00 din 1 vot
| media: 5.00 din 1 vot |
A new interdisciplinary journal: BRAND. Broad Research in Accounting, Negotiation, and Distribution.
The aim of the journal is to make an agora of different experts in economics, social and political sciences. We expect articles from experts in different scientific and practical fields, like accounting, marketing, management, economics, trade, trade law, finance, operations research, optimization, graph theory, game theory, voting, political communication, sociology etc.
See it at: http://brand.edusoft.ro.
Currently, the Scientific Board members are:
Scientific Board
Ioan Andone, " Alexandru Ioan Cuza " University of Iasi, Romania
Constanta Bodea, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Daniel Botez, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Romania
Rodica Branzei, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Romania
Simina Branzei, University of Waterloo, Canada
Domenico Consoli, University of Urbino, Italy
Piedad Yuste Leciñena, National University of Distance Education, Spain
Ovidiu Moisescu, "Babes-Bolyai" University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Grigor Moldovan, "Babes-Bolyai" University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Bogdan Patrut, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Romania
Monica Patrut, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Romania
Monica Raileanu Szeles, "Transilvania" University of Brasov and CEPS/Instead Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Traian Rotariu, "Babes-Bolyai" University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
The aim of the journal is to make an agora of different experts in economics, social and political sciences. We expect articles from experts in different scientific and practical fields, like accounting, marketing, management, economics, trade, trade law, finance, operations research, optimization, graph theory, game theory, voting, political communication, sociology etc.
| postat de infobacau in 2010-03-16 23:15 | General | 0 comentarii |
BRAND. A new journal in economics, applied mathematics, economic informatics
media: 5.00 din 1 vot
| media: 5.00 din 1 vot |
A new interdisciplinary journal: BRAND. Broad Research in Accounting, Negotiation, and Distribution.
The aim of the journal is to make an agora of different experts in economics, social and political sciences. We expect articles from experts in different scientific and practical fields, like accounting, marketing, management, economics, trade, trade law, finance, operations research, optimization, graph theory, game theory, voting, political communication, sociology etc.
See it at: http://brand.edusoft.ro.
Currently, the Scientific Board members are:
Scientific Board
Ioan Andone, " Alexandru Ioan Cuza " University of Iasi, Romania
Constanta Bodea, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Daniel Botez, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Romania
Rodica Branzei, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Romania
Simina Branzei, University of Waterloo, Canada
Domenico Consoli, University of Urbino, Italy
Piedad Yuste Leciñena, National University of Distance Education, Spain
Ovidiu Moisescu, "Babes-Bolyai" University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Grigor Moldovan, "Babes-Bolyai" University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Bogdan Patrut, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Romania
Monica Patrut, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Romania
Monica Raileanu Szeles, "Transilvania" University of Brasov and CEPS/Instead Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Traian Rotariu, "Babes-Bolyai" University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
The aim of the journal is to make an agora of different experts in economics, social and political sciences. We expect articles from experts in different scientific and practical fields, like accounting, marketing, management, economics, trade, trade law, finance, operations research, optimization, graph theory, game theory, voting, political communication, sociology etc.
| postat de infobacau in 2010-03-16 23:15 | General | 0 comentarii |
Call for papers - BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience
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| media: 0.00 din 0 voturi |
Call for papers - new interdisciplinary journal: BRAIN - Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience (including also linguistics, literature, cognitive sciences)
The aim of this journal is to create links between researchers from apparently different scientific fields, such as Computer Science and Neurology. In fact, there are a lot of topics such as Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Sciences and Neurosciences that can intersect in the study of the brain and its intelligent functions.
Our journal contains (in section BRAINovations) peer review articles. These articles should be original unpublished articles of the authors. The peer review process is a blind one. The reviewers are well recognized scientists who make part of our scientific board, and independent reviewers.
Some innovative young researchers from around the world, had the idea to edit and publish the BRAIN journal in order to make an agora of interdisciplinary study of the brain. Young scientists and seniors, from artificial intelligence, cognitive sciences and neurology fields are expected to publish their original works in our journal.
Call for papers
We are seeking papers for our next issue of the BRAIN journal, from academicians, professors, researchers, doctors, and clinicians, linguists, psychoterapists, PhD students ... anyone connected to the topics of our journal.
We welcome contributions from all over the world. We plan to put out the next issue (Volume 1, Issue #2) of The BRAIN in April 2010. You are invited to write on any topic of our journal.
Email: brain@edusoft.roVisit the website at http://brain.edusoft.ro
| postat de infobacau in 2010-02-12 21:35 | General | 0 comentarii |
Cercul de programare - problema 012
media: 1.00 din 1 vot
| media: 1.00 din 1 vot |
Unde e greseala in demonstratia de aici?
| postat de infobacau in 2008-03-20 00:38 | Cercul de programare | 0 comentarii |
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